Always use calibrated dial gauges adjust the plunger of the dial gauges so that they are pressed half ways ensure that uniform conventions i. Those who purchase new alignment instruments and hand them out to field technicians who lack the knowledge of alignment fundamentals are often. The goal of the alignment process is to create a straight line through the coupling, as shown in figure 1. Aug 28, 2012 vibralign trainer patrick lawrence guides us through three shaft alignment concepts total indicator reading, the validity rule, and true position sensing with the help of a dial indicator. In the right hands, a very accurate alignment can be performed with dial indicators. The alignment of shaft with the bearing and housing, which is a manufacturing tolerance stackup of the bearing parts and the housing bores and faces. The alignment training is suitable for technicians undertaking machine alignment, coupling alignment, motor alignmnet, pump alignment, etc. It is a specially adapted dial indicator that fits between the crank webs. It is not intended as a comprehensive guide to alignment of process machinery, nor is it a substitute for seeking professional advice or reference to the manufacturers of the machinery. As mentioned earlier, the reverse dial indicator method of alignment is probably the most popular method of measurement, because the dial indicators are installed to measure the relative position of two shaft centerlines. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and machine. However, even under the best of circumstances, it will be a timeconsuming task with many traps and pitfalls for the.
A popular method used for years and is still in use today is the rim and face method. Shaft alignment methods explained bright hub engineering. Mar 29, 2019 turn the outer dial face until the hand points to 0. Care has been taken by the authors, pruftechnik ltd, in the preparation of this publication. Shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. Improper alignment leads to increase of stresses in the shafts and thus on the equipment, which might result in. This video gives a brief overview of how dials can be used to measure shaft alignment, and can even be adjusted to show the true. For ease of use, the reverse dial formula has been incorporated into a shaft alignment data form, shown in figure 50. No mat ter what method of alignment is used, the dial indicators and lasers do not do the alignment. Bearings, mechanical seals, packing, and couplings are all directly affected by the alignment of shaft center lines. Ol2r measurement of thermal growth shaft alignment with the vertizontal process.
Visually check coupling, pipehangers, base bolts, coupling spacing etc. Dial gauge alignment procedure in covered with detailed animation. Aim to have all soft foot readings within 2 mils thou. There are several steps which need to be taken for a successful alignment job. Reverse alignmentunderstanding centerline measurement by c. Here you can download the pdf template of the tksa 20 shaft alignment report, which can be used for documenting of your alignment activities.
What does take to do each step in the alignment procedure. Proper alignment of rotating equipment has a long been recognized as a prerequisite to safe, reliable operation. Pdf basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin. Dial indicator alignment procedure reliability direct. A rough alignment is necessary due to the range limitations of the dial indicators. Easylaser e530 is a precise and competent alignment. Achieving proper alignment, however, involves much more than merely adjustment the machines so that the shafts are coaxial. How accurate are dial indicators for shaft alignment. Alignment of pumps one of the most important parts of pump setup is making sure that the pump and the drive motor are carefully aligned. A strain or deflection gauge is used to check the crankshaft alignment on large diesel engines.
Cardan offset shaft alignment shaft alignment training. This method produces acceptable results, but is less accurate than the reverse dial indicator method covered in this application note. The plunger is fully extended out of the case if no pressure is applied to it. First of all, it is wise to perform an initial lifting to the shaft in order to establish oil film between shaft and bearing surface before reading the results. All measurements are taken on the rim of the coupling hubs. Dial indicator alignment basics alignment knowledge. Selection and use of a commercial package designed to accommodate a variety of shaft diameters is recommended. The alignment of misaligned shaft are done by using different types of shaft alignment methods which are mention below. Shaft laser alignment 3 benefits over dial indicators. A guide to shaft alignment achieving a satisfactory shaft alignment is paramount for the safe and reliable operation of a ship during its lifetime. For shaft alignment, we typically use dial indicators with 0. A guide to shaft alignment achieving a satisfactory shaft alignment is paramount for the safe and reliable. Nov 08, 2017 shaft line alignment procedure, sag gap. This course begins with the fundamental principles behind shaft to shaft alignment and concludes with students conducting a series of alignment exercises using conventional alignment tools.
Vibralign trainer patrick lawrence guides us through three shaft alignment concepts total indicator reading, the validity rule, and true position sensing with the help of a dial indicator. Shaft aligning techniques shaft alignment by conventional method shaft alignment by dial test indicator dti shaft alignment by using laser equipment shaft alignment by using computer. This procedure, the four easy steps to good shaft alignmentis simple. Alignment and couplings 3 the reverse indicator method is another shaft alignment method. At each step, we record the lift and the load at the. When performing precision shaft alignments the mechanic should first check for runout. Several equipment alignment methods, especially the reverse dial indicator method, which is the principle used in laser alignment is covered in explicit detail. If you discover errors, you will be able to correct for them by. The original function of a flexible coupling was to accommodate the small amounts of shaft misalignment remaining after the completion of a shaft alignment using a straight edge or feeler gauges. We jack up the shaft by steps of 0,01 up to 0,3mm for jack load 1 and up to 0,1mm for jack load 2. Since there is endplay of the right hand shaft to the right, the numerical values of both dial indicators will be less positive than they should. Correction factors for dial indicator set at angle.
Improper alignment leads to increase of stresses in the shafts and thus on the equipment, which might result in break down of the machine. The plunger is a spring loaded part that can be depressed into the case causing the dial to move clockwise. Produce pdf reports directly from the display unit and. This method uses simple equipment and is employed when. The outer dial face can be moved by twisting the rim of the dial. Accurate alignment is vital to the operating life of rotating equipment. A variety of shaft alignment fixtures are available for performing rimface alignment. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and. The graphical illustration of a single dial indicator sweep is. Repeat this procedure for the 3 to 9 oclock direction.
The bent shaft affects alignment process by showing improper reading. The alignment training is suitable for technicians undertaking machine alignment, coupling. However, factory tests have shown that the results of the hot alignment check are inconsistent. Precision shaft alignment using dial indicators abstract even with the advent of new computerized dial indicator and laser alignment systems, knowledge of the basics of shaft alignment is a must. This measurement will be made by using dial indicators that measure in 0. The intuitive and affordable laser shaft alignment system skf shaft alignment tool tksa 31 the tksa 31 is skf s most affordable solution for easy laser shaft alignment. The fixtures should include an assortment of rods to span various coupling lengths. Shaft alignment industrial wiki odesie by tech transfer. Hot alignment in the past, a hot alignment check may have been used to check the accuracy of the cold alignment procedure. Each precision alignment method has its own unique problems and there are also problems which are unique to all methods. While dial indicators offer an excellent shaft alignment solution for many applications, for those looking for a best in class solution, laser shaft alignment tools are available. Yes, the shaft coupling to transmission coupling needs to fit within several thousandths, but what were talking here is the coupling fit, not the shaft alignment.
A major advantage of laser alignment tools is their accuracy. Spin the outer face until the hand hovers over zero. A practical guide to pulley alignment plant services. The primary parts of a dial indicator are the face or dial, the case, and the plunger.
Graphical presentation of the distribution of measurement errors for the selected measuring instruments. Before doing this, with the vessel hauled, check the position of the shafts relative to the bearings. By filling in the appropriate information into the proper boxes, the required shim changes for correcting both the angular and offset misalignments can be determined. The vblock mounting clamps are 78 wide and supplied with chain to accommodate shafts from. This section emphasizes this method because of the ease of graphically.
The nature of inboard drive systems it is a common belief that engines and shaft couplings have to be aligned to tolerances of a few thousandths. Today im going to talk about 3 dial indicator concepts. Dial indicator alignment basics dial indicators are measuring devices designed expressly to measure relative position. Total indicator reading ill zero my dial indicator at 12, and then roll it 180 degrees to 6. Many boat yards think that the way to check shaft alignment is to disconnect the coupling and check the flange clearance with a feeler gauge. The shaft alignment training course provides a highly practical knowledge of the use of dial gauge in coupling alignment. Measurement of gapsag for flange coupling main engine intermediate shaft.
The pump shaft should now be centered in the stuffing box and in its guide bearings. Shaft alignment is a method or procedure by which shafts of machines such as motors and turbines are connected to a generator or pump in proper alignment. The total travel all the way out to all the way in varies depending on the particular indicator model. Jaryszkami ska, sighting through as part of shaft alignment procedure 68 0,001 0,01 0,1 1 10 a b c piano wire optical instrument laser instrument fig. It uses two dial indicators, one on each shaft, to measure the parallel and angular misalignment as shown in figure 21. Misalignment may account for over 50% of malfunctions in rotating machinery, leading to problems such as worn or broken couplers, vibration, and excessive wear of bearings, seals and wear rings. Dec 01, 2002 shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. The ergonomic display unit with touch screen makes the instrument very easy to use and the builtin machine library helps storing alignment reports for multiple machines. With a loadonpad design, figure 1 the shaft is free to laterally within bearing clearance, and alignment data is difficult to obtain without temporary bearing shims to stabilize the sham with a loadbetweenpad design, figure 1 b, the shaft remains stable during the alignment procedure. Turn the outer dial face until the hand points to 0.
Lovejoy does not sell laser alignment tools, but we do sell a dial indicator kit. The procedure for doing reverse dial indicator alignment is not a difficult one. The goal of the alignment process is to create a straight line through the coupling. Your calibration measurements will ensure that the dial indicator does read measurements starting at zero. Again, reverse alignment is the measurement of one axis to the relative position of an opposing axis. This is best accomplished with a dial indicator using the process described in this video from vibralign. Jan 26, 2017 dial indicators are an essential tool for maintenance pros. Use feeler gauges and dial indicators to test for irregular machine. The strain gauge reads the flexing motion of the webs directly as the crankshaft is slowly rotated correct engine rotation. Now the shaft alignment measurement procedure can begin. A practical guide to shaft alignment plant services. Oct 08, 2017 shaft alignment is the process of aligning two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin.
646 1105 1578 1149 280 1665 497 979 396 865 197 1172 874 1453 977 1129 1434 215 52 1610 1000 1033 279 1542 1566 456 210 220 906 1650 50 841 753 645 219 1157 44 858 1148 1138 829